jangly Bringing up a child is a partnership involving parents and school and if children from disadvantaged homes arrive at school without the numeracy and literacy skills that children from better off homes have, they start at a disadvantage and have to do a lot of catching up before they can even reach the standar other children reach before they start school.
Children also need to have the learning they receive at school supported at home. It is much easier to do this in a home where there are a lot of books, where reading is encouraged, where parents can take children out to visit interesting places and where the parents themselves are seen reading and talking to children.
I am not suggesting that all children from deprived homes fail for lack of parental support, but, for example, many children, nowadays, come from households where English is not spoken, in others there is a negative attitude to education. Families where family life is chaotic, where there are problems with addiction and fractured family relationships are all more likely to be in poverty than in comfort.
If children however, well motivated are in classrooms where a large number of children have behavioural problems or are not itnerested, then learning is more difficult for those who want to work.
Starting to level up children's chances has to start at birth, even the Sure Start Scheme was too little too late.