All of the things you mention were part of teaching in Denmark in the years from 1970 to 2010 when I was teaching.
If children with special needs are to be included in ordinary classes, which they have been here since the 1980s, then obviously their teachers have to be trained to recognise these needs and in how best to include the child in a normal class.
Apart from that, one or more teachers who have specialised in the particular need will also be teaching the child in question.
Sex education has long been part of the school prospectus too. Since the 1970s in fact, geared to the age of the children in question.
In the early years, it mainly was a biological orientation on the differences between boys and girls and men and women, with for older children focus on the physical aspects of sex and procreation.
Teaching religious instruction to teenagers, I included discussions of various religious points of view on sexual morality, ethics, the legal and religious aspects of marriage and the various rituals used to include a newborn child in society.
Obviously, the subject has to be included in what is taught at colleges for those intending to become teachers.
Many people feel the subject is best dealt with at home and by the parents of each child.
I would like to agree, but this is really only so in an ideal world, which we do not live in.
I have had 12 year old girls in tears because no-one had told them about periods and the poor girls thought they were bleeding to death, or had somehow contracted a venereal disease, or AIDS.
Obviously, it is better that a teacher has told girls about menstruation before they arrive at the age for it, than the conspiracy of silence that apparently still exists. The mothers of these girls said they thought the girls knew, as adverts for sanitary protection are all over the place, but admitted that they had never discussed these things with their daughters!
So I must conclude that it should indeed be part of teaching to instruct adolescents in the biological facts and the moral and ethical considerations they give rise to.