There have been tremendous gains for women in Afghanistan since 2002, but these advances are constantly under threat. Afghan women are rightly worried about who will protect their rights after the allied forces withdraw from Afghanistan this year. Not enough safeguards have been put in place to ensure that the place of women in public life will continue and this latest law, if enacted, will effectively silence witnesses to abuses of women. The Elimination of Violence Against Women Law (EVAW) that came into force in 2009 is ineffectively policed, but that the law exists does at least give some protection to women (and girls) - especially when individual cases come into the spotlight and receive media attention in the West. Up to US$16 billion in development aid (from international donors) is contingent upon Karzai's government producing a report that the EVAW is being implemented. The deadline for this report has passed, but I anticipate that the donors will expect that when the report is produced it will include Karzai taking a stand for Afghan women by sending the new law back to parliament with a message that he will not sign it until it is revised in line with the goals of the EVAW law.