I don't think those policies are particularly draconian.
The 'three strikes' policy is probably just to touch base with HR to make sure that there is nothing the matter, or whether the company can do anything to help. There is not usually a reason why someone would be off sick three times in one year, unless they have an underlying condition, in which case there might be something that occupational health can help with.
Needing to speak to someone if your manager is not there is also just sensible, as someone will need to organise cover. Usually email will be ok, so long as there is a secretary or someone able to pass on the message and so long as their email is monitored if they are unavailable themselves. That way, if the person calling in has had a sleepless night, they can catch up without having to set the alarm to call in.
Wanting to speak to the absentee isn't draconian either, IMO, so that the manager can ask about when they are likely to return, and if they have something that might be contagious. It is silly to expect someone to call from a hospital bed, though. I'm sure a relative could make the call and a doctor's note would be enough to prove that the call was genuine.
I am a firm believer that everyone should be paid when they are ill, but also that skiving should be made as difficult as possible. People staying off work for next to nothing cost money and are a massive pain in the proverbial for those who have to pick up their slack.