Germanshepherdsmum
Let me tell you, Luckygirl, that in legal practice it’s not the employers who are exploitative, it’s the clients.
In universities I would say that pressure comes from both management and students (prompted by their parents). Managers are judged on profits, which often come from property, so squeeze as much as possible from staff to save money on salaries. They are also obsessed with league tables, as parents care about them, so make promises about things like returning marked work without considering the impact on staff who might have hundreds of papers to mark on top of the rest of their work, and are expected to give increasingly detailed feedback in a limited time.
Some students see the fees as a means of buying a degree, and some parents encourage this transactional relationship, so staff are stuck between trying to maintain standards for external examiners and professional bodies, and managing the expectations of the students, many of whom expect concessions to be made for their inability to meet the requirements of those professional bodies - it's a rock and hard place situation.
Staff are also increasingly held responsible for protecting the MH of students, when they have no psychiatric training, and often no way of knowing that a student is suffering - how would they know unless they are told? Even if they are told, staff have to respect confidentiality and staff may not contact parents even if worried. That can be stressful, but if a student refuses to access MH help, what can we do?
Some parents behave as though university is a prep school with students as boarders, and think that staff should know every student personally and know if they are struggling academically/their relationship has broken down or whatever is upsetting them, when they, as parents, are the ones who have allowed the vulnerable student to leave home and attend a course miles away. On a human level, if a tragedy happens I can understand a parent wanting to blame someone else, but that is even more pressure on staff who may also have cared for the student but could be subject to an enquiry if things go wrong.
Given that teaching, research and admin loads for academics take longer than 37 hours a week, contact with students (outside of lectures) pretty much has to come on top of that, either by doing it in 'work time' and taking work home, or by being available remotely outside of working hours.
The vast majority of staff care very much about the students. Many are parents themselves, and know how big a step it can be to move away from home for the first time, and try to be 'constants' in their lives, even if only from a distance. If I could put someone's mind at rest by answering a quick email in the evening, I was (am) happy to do so. I think most people who work with other people (as clients, students, patients, whatever) have little choice but to have a certain amount of 'bleed' into out of work time. Also, as GSM suggests, I think that most people expect that when they are clients, students (or parents), or whatever themselves, and they are worried.
Personally (and I know we are all different) I could cope with all of that, but when others backed off their roles and I had to take on a whole other cohort as well as my own, it was too much. When everyone is stressed it is very unfair for anyone to opt to refuse to pull their weight and still draw the salary.