As an old-school socialist, I would rather have universalism than Thatcherite residual welfare. The former creates solidarity: everybody with a State Pension receives WFP; everybody with a child receives Child Benefit; everybody’s child can have a free school breakfast - whereas residual welfare causes division, as evidenced by the unfairness of what has happened over the withdrawal of universal WFP, ignoring those on the cliff-edge of Pension Credit. The cut-off is too low but wherever it is set, it will alway leave a body of people just missing out.
It was never compulsory to spend WFP on fuel. It was only ever supposed to be temporary help for two years - and was paid at a higher rate for those on what was then called Income Support. All state pensioners received £20 and those on Income Support received £50. It was supposed to encourage the poorest to claim Income Support in order to receive the higher amount but just as now, a whole generation of pensioners later, it didnt work very well - hence a flat rate payment for everyone from 1999. The higher rate for households where someone was age 80+ was introduced in 2003.
History here:
researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06019/SN06019.pdf
Studies showed most recipients didn’t spend it on fuel. There was an argument for renaming it just Winter Payment but it was thought that if fuel was left in the title it would encourage people to spend more of it on fuel.
This from 2011:
An IFS press release on 8 June 2011 stated: Households receiving the Winter Fuel Payment spend 41% of it on fuel even though there is no obligation to do so. When the same households receive additional income which is not labelled in any way, they spend just 3% of it on fuel. To put it another way, simply increase the income of a pensioner household by £100 and they will increase their spending on fuel by £3. Label that increase a “Winter Fuel Payment” and £41 will go on fuel.
That’s a long time ago and energy prices have risen (but not the WFP). Back then I think more people paid for their energy as they used it, either by cheque or variable direct debit.
Nowadays, energy providers expect customers to spread their annual costs evenly over the year (or even make it mandatory) through fixed direct debits - a sensible thing even for those who baulk at paying for energy in advance so that customers build up a credit over the warmer months towards larger winter bills.
What did it matter what universal WFP was spent on? Whether it was spent on a Christmas tree and some baubles, Christmas cards and gifts, a meal out, a trip to see Nutcracker or a panto - it all put money into the economy and, moreover, put money back in the Exchequer at 20% tax as opposed to the 5% levied on fuel.
A few months ago I watched a discussion about the benefits of Government spending to promote well-being. Feeling part of society, feeling that everyone can enjoy the same small benefit after a lifetime of work seemed to me to be part of that ethos. Solidarity not division.
This change was never about the alleged “black hole”. There is no such thing. It’s just a phrase Labour latched onto long before they were elected and will now use it at every opportunity to excuse poor funding decisions.
True, the upside is that more people are now claiming PC but it must be said that more claims are failing that succeeding - plus the number of claims made so far is only about 15% of those 880,000 households said to be eligible but not claiming.
The cut off date for claiming Pension Credit in order to get the WFP for 2024 has now passed.
The last date to make a backdated claim for Pension Credit if you want to receive the Winter Fuel Payment, is 21 December 2024. However, you must have been entitled to Pension Credit during the ‘qualifying week’, which is from 16 September to 22 September 2024.
www.turn2us.org.uk/get-support/information-for-your-situation/winter-fuel-payment/how-do-i-claim-a-winter-fuel-payment#:~:text=For%20the%20winter%20of%202024/2025%2C%20claims%20must,from%2016%20September%20to%2022%20September%202024.
There is no shortage of Government money. There is £65 billion of excess funds sitting in the National Insurance Fund for no apparent reason - an excess that is growing year on year. That’s money that employers and workers pay in NIC which is used to pay State Pension and other contributory benefits. More is collected than paid out every year. For 2023, £15.6 billion more was collected than paid out, For 2024, £14 billion more was collected than paid out. These numbers are after the NHS allocation.
www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-insurance-fund-accounts/great-britain-national-insurance-fund-account-for-the-year-ended-31-march-2024
The minimum working balance required to be held for 2023 to 2024 was estimated at £21.8 billion, being 16.7% of estimated benefit expenditure, as stated in the report on the Social Security Benefits Up-rating Order published by GAD in January 2024. HM Treasury Ministers made provision for a Treasury Grant for 2023 to 2024 of up to 5% estimated benefit payments, which can be requested if required. The balance of the Fund at 31 March 2024 was £86.4 billion and was above the estimated minimum requirement throughout the year. No Treasury Grant was therefore required in 2023 to 2024.
Why so much?
NIC in ring-fenced and can only fund the NHS and contributory benefits so I see no reason why so much money (net of NHS allocation) is sitting there and why the Government could not legislate to use the 65 billion elsewhere. (nor can I understand why Reeves felt it necessary to hike employers NIC unless the revenue raised is to increase the NHS allocation (which would be fair enough but that is not what she said in her Budget speech). The NIF is reviewed every five years and is due for review this year. I am looking forward to reading the findings and what they have to say about this massive excess.