Henetha there is both the things you mentioned. Climbers have to be checked, cleared and only so many are allowed to try the climb in any given climbing system. These sherpas were killed when setting out base camps etc for the start of the season. All climbers also have to pay a large charge to the Nepali government for their Everest permit.
Nepal is a poor country and there must, understandably, be a tendency to want to maximise income both for the government and sherpas that means, too many people are trying the climb and sherpas are tempted to take risks.
National treasures. Who would you choose?
