A little comment about the employer's NIC: Yes, the threshold for not paying this has been raised, but it is not a rebate or actual amount of money, it is the threshold under which an employer does not have to pay employers NIC to HMRC. For a small employer like me, with 8 part time staff, this saves me a welcome £500-600 per year, but at the same time as it was announced last year, there was also an 'under the radar' change to SSP regulations. Previously, as an employer, I paid an employee SSP and then claimed 80% of it back against my next HMRC payment. This no longer happens so if like me, you have two members of staff off for 6 weeks and 9 weeks respectively after planned surgery, then I pick up the whole bill for the SSP, far in excess of the amount of NIC that I dont have to pay. I know this is off topic a bit, but not all employers are fat cats being subsidised by working tax credits, we too are being hit and expected to pick up more and more of benefits which (pensions, SSP) were once paid by the state.