Interesting questions both.
Could go either way for numero uno.
Not sure about Portillo- but he is a huge admirer of nationalised Swiss railways that run like clockwork- and where all tickets are the same price, any day, any time- and where you can get an integrated timetable for your journey including buses and some cable-cars too. We live out in the sticks and buses start running at 6.30 and the last bus up from the valley is at 12.30 am- the bus waits for the train to arrive from the larger town below, which is linked to the whole network. Meaning that if ever we could no longer drive, we could still live here out int he sticks- with a great integrated nationalised network- that works- and tickets which are very reasonable in price- and montly, yearly tickets which are much much less than running a car.
Just finished a book written by a Brit called Diccon Bewes (! yes I know) - called 'Slow train to Switzerland' where he describes Thomas Cook's frist organised trip here in 1863. Fascinating.
Beeching and Mrs T have a lot to answer for? But so have overpowerful Unions which held public transport to ransom- and still do to some extent.
In Leicester, there were several bus companies, and if you bought a day ticket, you then found it was not accepted on half the buses. And even worse- there are 2 Bus stations serving different areas, not too far from each other- but not easy with luggage or if walking difficulties, handicap- and a train station at the other end of the town- wihtout a shuttle in between! Yiiiikes! And no buses to most of the surrounding villages either!