My understanding is that the quoted changes are simply proposals in a report by the Committee on Constitutional Affairs. It includes a proposal for 267 changes to both treaties - the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
On the matter of majority voting, not all votes presently require unanimous agreement. For those that don’t, there is a weighted majority vote (not a simple one, so nothing like the Brexit referendum) so that a majority = countries representing 65% of the EU population. I think that is at least 15 of the 27 members. The proposal is to make this a weighted 50+% - it’s a response to the proposed expansion of member countries.
The report was written following a detailed, one year consultation with EU residents.
What was voted on today was moving that report on for discussion by the Council of Ministers for European Affairs on December 12. Even if f they approve all the proposals, there will be a long, multi-stranded process to go through before any changes to the Treaties could be made.
There’s quite a lot of grumping and complaining (and some mis- and dis-information) on social media, predominantly from far-right sources, as extreme right wing groups and caucuses were excluded from the Committee.