I watched Reeves giving the speech. She repeated said: If we cannot afford it, we cannot do it. But there are a lot of things that the government cannot afford else we wouldn’t have a national debt sitting at around 2.7 trillion.
Even Jonathon Portes, who is a far from heterodox economists points out that this is an inversion of Keynes well known dictum 'if we can do it we can afford it'. It was this thinking that gave us the NHS and nationalisation post WW2. And it was Keynesian economics that gave us growth and diminishing inequality up to the 1970s.
As to the 'national debt', this article, from a left wing site and I don't necessarily agree with some of its conclusions, does make an effort to find out what constitutes the national debt.
According to OBR figures, of the >£2 trillion owed, £371 billion (or around a quarter) is owed to the Bank of England (BoE). This is about the same as the national deficit.
The BoE is owned by the nation, so in effect this amount is owed by the nation to the nation. There is no imperative for it to be 'repaid'.
The Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum describes the situation as the BoE “nearly financing the deficit.” In addition, £172 billion is owed to the UK’s state bank, National Savings and Investment. So, we owe around one-third the debt to ourselves..
Do you want the government to repay your premium bond holdings or any money you have in an NSI account?
Much of the remaining two-thirds of the national debt is held by private gilt buyers.
Gilt buyers
It turns out that after the UK, Belgium held £197bn-worth of British government debt, followed by Luxembourg (£17 billion), Spain (£440 million), Germany (£289 million), and the USA (£23 million). After that, there was a drop off (e.g., UAE £3 million, Ireland £2.3 million).
So about another third. We're not exactly in hock to the rest of the world...
And the remaining third?
In response to FOI requests the Debt Management Office basically refuse to say
TLE asked the DMO “which companies (e.g., pension funds, asset managers) and entities (including corporations and individual investors), both legal and beneficial, hold UK gilts.” The DMO responded: “The DMO holds information on registered legal holders of gilts, but not on underlying beneficial holders.” So, who are the registered legal holders? The DMO further stated: “The gilts register is not a publicly available document, and corporate and individual holders therefore have a reasonable expectation that details of their holdings will not be disclosed”–even when public money is servicing their debts.
But:
The BBC says that the “buyers of these bonds, or ‘gilts’, are mainly financial institutions, like pension funds, investment funds, banks and insurance companies.
These institutions hold gilts (government bonds) because they are safe investments with a guaranteed return. The government, as a sovereign currency issuer will always pay the interest and principle. So, without those holdings your private pensions would be far less safe, because all other 'investments' carry risk.
Of course, this explanation doesn't account for the secondary bond market, which is basically a speculative vehicle for bond holders to maximise their profits from bond sales. These bondholders won't be contributing much to the domestic economy because they are, in the main, already wealthy and the wealthy have a low propensity to spend in the domestic market.
www.thelondoneconomic.com/business-economics/who-owns-our-national-debt-its-a-secret-287907/
This is one fairly reasonable analysis of the national debt. It does, in fact, comprise individuals and institutions savings and investment. Which bit do you want to be paid back?
It could be said that we could do without the speculators in the secondary bond market and just pay more government spending directly via the Bank of England. 