I recently read "Love on the Dole" by Walter Greenwood. This book is set in the 30s in the Salford area and details what life was like for our parents or grandparents generations.
In the book, most of the men are employed in a very large engineering factory. One of the main characters is a schoolboy desperately wants to work at the factory so that he can become an engineer, rather than try to get an office job as his parents would like him to do. Practices that were common then still happen, such as firing someone when they got to a certain age. As described by a GNer above.
I really don't think that my generation and younger lived under the conditions as described in the book. I recommend it.
Taxation in all its forms is used to improve all our lives, one way or another. The contributions paid by my GPs provided healthcare and education for my parents and this has happened to the subsequent generations.
Unfortunately when pensions were first introduced life expectancy was short. Move forward to us baby boomers who have benefited from free health care and education. As a consequence of the former our life expectancy has grown and we are living much longer. Advances in health care have contributed towards life expectancy for the young and old.
We expect this but are not always prepared to pay the necessary taxes to bring this about. Why? Because we may say we don't mind paying more taxes but really, we would like to keep our money for ourselves.
I live in France where taxes are higher than in the UK and we also contribute towards our health care. The system is different in that the state pays a percentage, we contribute to a mutuel and may have to pay extra if the professional's fee for example, is not covered by the mutuel. The contributions for myself and my DH are about 255 euros per month. These are dependent upon age. For young adults they could be around 30 euros per month.
My DH and I have both had operations this year and when we came home from hospital a nurse came in every day for 2 or 3 weeks to give us anti coagulant jabs, to take our blood pressure, to change dressings and to remove stitches if necessary and just to check up on us. This really helps one's state of mind.