Rose
I am not advocating shame and embarrassment! My point is that the more faceless the source of help, the easier it is for those who don't want to work to get something for nothing, and the harder it is to identify those who can't work. Publicly receiving help may cause shame and embarrassment, but bureaucracy and anonymity don't help the fair distribution of funds.
I know how shameful "the parish" and the workhouse were, and I am not citing rural idylls, and in any case the "Union" workhouses were a progression from the older system of each parish being responsible for its own welfare. In the late 18th and early 19th Centuries, growing industrialsation produced concentrations oflong-term poverty, instead of local ups and down that depended on harvests and crop prices, and were largely shared by the whole population. The "solution" was to concentrate the poor into institutions built by Unions of several parishes instead of giving them a temporary handout. The shame was deliberate, so as not to encourage anyone to apply.
My grandmother spent time in the workhouse in her early teens when her mother died and her father was admitted ill. If she ever said that something was, "as cold as charity", she would add, "and God knows, that is cold enough!"