I don't think you can do much without the backing of the Chairman. He sets the tone of committee meetings, and co-ordintaes the rest (or he should) Are you prepared to ask him whether it is getting too much for him now that he is ill, and to offer to take his place?
If you do take over, you may have to risk making yourself unpopular for a while - but if the charity is worth reviving, it would be worth it, and it sounds as though you have already had enough, so if you meet too much resistance you could always leave!
At a committee meeting
1) Produce a copy of your survey for each committee member and tell them what you have posted here - that of 130 members you have only had 8 replies, and you would like the committee at least to fill them in so that you - and everyone else- knows "what they want, do they need help, how they'd like to be involved"
2) Add that you would particularly like to know how the members of the committee would like to be involved, since they are the ones who run the charity. Tell them how much there is to do to make the charity successful. Have a list handy to read out, which you made earlier, with big things and small things which have to be carried out for it to function. Emphasise that without these tasks, the whole enterprise falls down, and you are not able to take them all on yourself.
3) Ask who would like each of the tasks you have listed. Keep a few small things up your sleeve, and if some people don't step forward for anything (very likely) fix them with a beady eye and ask, " Betty, you are so good at baking, perhaps you and Alice could take on the tea break?" or "Jim, your car has such a big boot, would it have room for the ZZZZ we regularly buy at the cash and carry?"
4) A week or two before the next committee meeting, phone each of them in turn to ask how they are getting on with the things they said they would do,, You will probably have to help some of them out, but make sue they are with you when you help them - not skiving off and letting you do it, (for the next occasion, check up on those people earlier and guide them into doing it, don't take it on although it seems it would be quicker, or you will be doing it for ever.)
5) At the next meeting, give profuse thanks to those who have done things, even if it took blood, sweat and tears (yours) and discuss with them how they will tackle any problems they met.
The details of recruitment, funding, publicity and so on are a whole other subject, which I cvan't be much help with, but there are websites with advice, if you still feel that you want to tackle these aspects as well as the general apathy..