These are not Americanisations of English. Generally, they were English words which were taken to the New World by British settlers.
Toilet (or toilet room) was used as an extension of the dressing room which we might now call a bathroom. Byron referred to a toilet in Don Juan published in 1819.
There is the closet, there the toilet,
There the antechamber - search them under, over.
There is the sofa, there the great arm-chair,
The chimney - which would really hold a lover
Passed as in died was discussed extensively here very recently. It was in use in Britain in the 13C.
Physician appears in many early sources including the Bible Luke 4:23 Physician heal thyself. A doctor is a physician. Doctor relates to the awarding of doctoral degrees
Nowadays, when we need to go to hospital quickly we tend to say we are going to A&E or Accident and Emergency. One could argue that a heart attack needs more urgent treatment than a broken leg but both need emergency treatment so Emergency covers both. A&E is a relative recent term anyway. We used to call it Casualty or the Casualty Hospital. The name lived on in a popular TV series.
I would have no problem with Doctor’s Office because that’s what it is. GPs spend a large amount of time doing paperwork and making phone calls just like any other kind of office. Surgery is now more often used in the sense of a physical operation requiring knives and stitches as opposed to a medical intervention. And what of constituency surgeries which MPs run? Nothing to do with medicine.
As a linguist, I get a tad tired with these recurrent threads - we seem to get one every couple of weeks - moaning about alleged Americanisms when they are not.
