Britain being an island and by enforcing quarantine managed to eradicate rabies.
This is not possible in countries that have one or more land border to another country, for the simple reason that all mammals can be infected by rabies.
I live in Denmark, near the border with Germany, so I would never dream of not having my cats vaccinated against rabies.
This is necessary because the disease is a killer and a very unpleasant way to die, and because in Germany all cats that are not kept indoors all their lives must be vaccinated, as otherwise they can be put down without the owner's permission if they are suspected of carrying rabies.
Dogs must be vaccinated both in Denmark and Germany, but it is optional for other animals UNLESS you travel across any European border with them.
At regular intervals foxes, wild pigs, or other wild animals are found dead and upon examination test positive for rabies, so actually anywhere in Europe, Asia or Africa you should never approach an animal you do not know.