Of course it’s a cultural issue. Before Thatcher destroyed industry in this country, young men were assured of a job in the shipyards, the mines, the steelworks, car factories, and the like. These jobs gave a dignity in labour and often a sense of community. Now there is a void. The school curriculum, thanks to Gove, is narrow and reminiscent of Dotheboys Hall, - drama, the arts, music, practical subjects all starved of funds and the concentration on narrow academe. School for a child whose parents had failed in school, lack encouragement or any incentive to succeed in the seemingly irrelevant curriculum, especially for those living in the previous industrial regions where jobs are scarce and there is little to aspire to. It’s no coincidence that regional variations in exam success are marked, with London schools consistently outperforming the rest of the country. Of course, London has a much more diverse population and more opportunities available. It’s not just about class and gender - it’s a whole host of variables.