In my experience here in Denmark, students whether at schools or universities and colleges, are not allowed in to written papers once the exam has started, if they arrive more than ten minutes late.
They would often be allowed to sit the exam they had missed in the beginning of the autumn term when sick exams are held, with a different exam paper, but this is at the discretion of the school. The ruling being that only those who have a medical certificate signed by their doctors are eligible for sick exams, but in practice if you are late through no fault of your own or have just received news of a death in the family, you would be allowed to postpone the exam.
If it were an oral, they arrived late for, the normal procedure is to ask the two examiners holding each exam if any of them have time in the afternoon after examining the other candidates to examine the person or persons who arrived late. If it is possible for the external examiner to stay, he or she will agree, but the exam schedules are drawn up by the ministry of education, not by the institution, so one or both eaminers may have to be at the opposite end of the country the following day by 8a.m. and not be able to oblige. I have on more than one occasion as external examiner acceded to the request to allow a late student to sit his oral in the late afternoon.
A colleague experienced a young woman sitting her finals as a teacher going into labour as she sat down for the oral! In the afternoon the examiners rang the maternity ward to hear how things were progressing, and upon hearing that the baby had arrived fairly soon after the mother had been admittd and both were well, went along to the hospital and ask then new mother if she wanted to sit her oral there and then, which she did and passed it.
If it were the case that a wild-cat strike or a serious road or train accident delayed a whole group of students who thus missed the start of the exam, I would expect the headmaster or the dean of the faculty to contact the ministry immediately and request permission to allow those who had been delayed to sit the written paper in a seperate room from those who arrived on time and with the same amount of hours allotted to writing the paper, but that those who had been on time, would not be allowed to leave their examination hall unaccompanied for visits to the toilets, until all the latecomers were seated with their papers, to avoid risk of cheating by students from the group who had already seen the paper passing on information to the others.
I have fortunately never had to deal with this emergency, but did once have to request a headmistress to send a maths teacher to the examination room to assess whether there was an error in the paper that made one maths problem insoluable.
It turned out that it was quite impossible to get through to the ministry by phone,so the headmistress wisely assumed this to be proof that there was indeed an error in the paper, and instructed the examinees to begin with all the other problems until she had verified the issue and informed them on her own responsibility that the quarter of an hour it had taken to get that far would be added on to the end of the exam.
It transpired there was a misprint in the paper causing a problem to be insoluable and the extra time given was allowed.
Changing from a Manual car to an Automatic after driving manual for around 50 yrs
Recalled for a further appointment after a routine mammogram


