Link to a King's Fund publication about A & E admissions:
www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/urgent-emergency-care/urgent-and-emergency-care-mythbusters#somewhere
An extract:
Is the pressure on A&E mainly a result of people going to A&E when they should go somewhere else?
Around 13 per cent of people who attend A&E are discharged without requiring treatment, and a further 35 per cent receive guidance or advice only (HSCIC 2016). This does not mean that all these people are attending A&E unnecessarily or could be cared for elsewhere. For example, someone who leaves A&E without being admitted may well have attended appropriately because they required treatment or assessment that only A&E could provide.
Estimates vary but a survey of 3,000 people in 12 A&E units conducted for the Royal College of Emergency Medicine found that 15 per cent could have been treated in the community; again this is not to say that they all went to A&E 'inappropriately'.
Two of the claims put forward for why people go to A&E unnecessarily are examined below.
Lack of access to GP appointments
It has been suggested that more people are attending A&E because they can’t get appointments with their GP. It is difficult to pin down accurately how many people this might apply to.
However, the latest results from the GP Patient Survey show that 85 per cent of people were able to get an appointment to see or speak to someone at their GP practice, down from 88 per cent in 2011. From the latest figures, of those who couldn’t get an appointment or were offered an inconvenient appointment (11 per cent), around 4 per cent reported going to A&E instead. We know that being able to obtain timely appointments is a key concern for people accessing GP services. However, data from the GP Patient Survey suggests that while there has been a slight reduction in people’s ability to access their GP, there has not been a significant deterioration.
Confusion about the system, including about how to access to out-of-hours care
It has been suggested that removing responsibility for out-of-hours care from GPs (as part of contractual changes in 2004) led to an increase in A&E attendances. However, there is no evidence to support this.
Most people go to A&E during working hours, and these hourly patterns in attendances have remained largely unchanged in recent years. However, people are clearly uncertain about how to access out-of-hours care – results from the GP Patient Survey in July 2015 found that only around 56 per cent of people said they knew who to contact out-of-hours. While this is higher than 2014, it is actually lower than in previous years.
Access to other types of care out of hours (for example, district nursing care) is also important in keeping people out of hospital. We know that the number of district nurses employed by the NHS has decreased by about 36 per cent in the past five years.
The Parliamentary Health Select Committee, the NHS Confederation and many others have expressed concerns that the fragmented provision of urgent and emergency care makes the system confusing for the public. In response to these concerns, the NHS five year forward view commits to doing ‘far better at organising and simplifying the system, with the aim of helping patients to ‘get the right care, at the right time, in the right place’ by making more appropriate use of primary care, community mental health teams, ambulance services and community pharmacies. To support this, NHS England has been undertaking a review of urgent and emergency care, and has launched 'vanguards' in eight areas of the country to pioneer new approaches to delivering urgent and emergency care services.
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The publication also points out that attendances are higher in Summer (so we haven't seen the worst yet), but admissions are higher in Winter. One of the factors increasing time in A & E is not being able to find beds for those who need to be admitted.