I believe I read that in the Scandinavian countries most nurseries are state run and fees are very heavily subsidised. Also nursery staff are highly trained and reasonably paid.
Of course, there is a substantial cost to this, but, in the long run, I would imagine that cost is recouped because there will be far fewer children in sub-standard nurseries, receiving sub-standard care and they will be better prepared, physically, practically and emotionally, for school and life in general. Some of the nurseries I see in my area are in what I consider to be inappropriate buildings and locations - with little natural light and very limited outdoor space.
Children who are behind at the start of their education often fail to catch up and may well become disruptive - and this can carry through to secondary level. With significant numbers of young people leaving school with virtually no meaningful qualifications, something drastic needs to be done. Young people who lack basic skills are more likely to spend their lives in low paid, insecure jobs, and so the circle of deprivation continues with their own children.
The Sure Start scheme worked very well but has been torn apart during the last ten years. At least that was something which helped parents who needed extra support with issues like nutrition, interactive and independent play, how to set sensible boundaries and how to enforce them in a calm but firm and effective way.
Not all mothers do need to work, and not all do. But I think with costs of housing in particular being very much higher than in the 70's, usually two incomes are needed. Aside from that, I think it is important that women have, if a relationship breaks up, a job that pays well and has prospects for advancement - ie a career rather than just working for pin money. Many young women have degrees and naturally wish to make use of them.