I lie down today. I lay down yesterday. I will lie down tomorrow.
Today I will lay the foundation tone. Last year I laid a foundation stone.
Think of 'trans' as being 'carrying over' - a transitive verb carries over an action from the subject to the object.
I wonder if our age is an indication of when formal grammar was taught in schools. I can remember having to parse and analyse a sentence.
Parsing a word meant stating which part of speech it was (noun, adjective, verb, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, exclamation).
If it is was a verb, we had to state the number ( ie. I is first person), singular or plural, tense, voice (active or passive), transitive or intransitive, mood. I may have forgotten something in the past 55 years!
We used to tie our poor Latin teacher in knots, asking how to say 'I will be about to have done it'. There was something called the pluperfect tense. French has some interesting tenses , like the past imperfect, but I tend to live only in the present and simple past and future! I can do subjunctive though.
Analysing a sentence meant dividing it into clauses and then stating the type and function of each clause. I don't know whether it made us any more analytic in our general thinking, but I enjoyed it.