Practice/practise, licence/license etc: The schools I went to never taught us to spell these, hence I had no idea whatsoever that two different spellings existed, let alone when to use them! On no occasion was my spelling of them ever corrected in my written work.
English grammar was not taught in English lessons at my secondary school in the 1970s, yet I got a decent mark in my 16+ exam. I do remember an art teacher correcting me on my written use of me versus I, and the French teacher teaching me to use singular verbs with nouns such as 'the team', but despite being a very conscientious student, I learned bugger all from the English teachers! I actually feel quite angry about it, looking back.
It wasn't until I was a mature student in my thirties that a tutor finally corrected my spelling and made me aware of the grammatical difference, but I often wonder how many other grammatical rules I'm still unaware of!