I don't think that the educational system is responsible for academic snobbery. It is endemic. So many posters on here boast about the 'excellent grammar schools' they attended, or their grandchildren's 'top universities', and this is just one site.
The very fact that apprenticeships are held up as alternatives to degrees speaks volumes, and as I said upthread, people are usually advocating apprenticeships for other people's children.
Modern apprenticeships are very different from traditional ones anyway. Some are akin to foundation degrees, whilst others are more like the old YTS schemes - a way of making unemployment look less widespread by exploiting young people who are paid a pittance for a year or so and then cast off before they qualify for basic employment rights.
I'm not sure what the real question is here - is it how to make life fair? If that's the case, then letting anyone who wants to go to university do so is the answer - you can't pass if you don't enter. There would need to be conversations about mixed ability teaching and how to deal with both failure and a possible surfeit of qualified people, but it would be 'fair'.
If the question is about how to ensure that you get a well-paid job for life, the answer is a lot more elusive, and conversations then need to be had about whether a rounded education should be the preserve of those who don't need to work for a living.
The current way of 'grading' degrees based on graduate salaries after 18 months is a nonsense, but threatens to cut courses that don't lead directly into a related line of work. Virtually nobody taking degrees in the Arts will earn even average salary as artists within 18 months, but they know that before they sign up. Most go into other work to pay the bills and plug away writing poetry or painting when they get the chance. some will succeed, and others will use their skills in research, balancing arguments, time management and so on in other sectors. Their education is not wasted, and they will very probably pass on their love of their subject to other people.
Keeping the Arts for students for whom earning a living would not only be extremely unfair, it would skew the output of authors, artists, scriptwriters and so on to the world view of the privileged, so we would all suffer from a lack of diversity in what we can read, watch, and look at for our own cultural enjoyment.