In the US preschool
Letters and Sounds in Preschool
As part of the preschool curriculum, kids will learn to recognize and name all 26 uppercase letters and some lowercase letters (lowercase letters are harder to learn at this age). They can identify their own first name and write it out, along with other letters and meaningful words like Mom, Dad, and love. Preschool children will also develop a connection between letters and sounds, and they’ll know some of the sounds that letters make.
Numbers and Counting in Preschool
A large part of the preschool curriculum is learning what numerals 0 to 9 look like and naming them correctly. Counting is a separate skill that starts with memorization; kids will memorize the order of numbers and say them. . . as they "count" objects
Colors, Shapes, and Objects in Preschool
Preschoolers will continue to learn the names of colors, basic shapes, and body parts.
Sounds very much like the EYFS in the UK except that we introduce lower case letters before upper case, more use to the beginner reader sitting by an adult and picking out familiar words.
I don’t know if the US has workbooks for parents to do at home with their pre-school and kindergarteners the same as in Europe and the UK.