Basically agree with the above posters. I take it you all live together, so you're right on top of the situation, which must make it harder for you.
"She really enjoyed riding her bike over the stones, but it seems her mum had other ideas, as she came out saying that she was very confused. "
I'm also going to echo the question about who DIL said was "confused" - GD or DIL?
If DIL thought GD was confused by being taken outside on her bike, is it cuz that's not usually part of her schedule? Does DIL often take GD out later in the day (after DIL gets up)? If so, then I can see where DIL may have found this disruptive, even though I don't think you really did any harm.
If it was DIL who was confused cuz she didn't expect to find GD outside, well, I know that must have been scary for her. But as ninathena says, "point proved" - lying in bed for hours, leaving a child unattended to is a bad idea.
DIL may not see it that way, of course, which could lead to some tension between you if you were to repeat it. As Alea suggests, better to ask first, IMO. But that's hard to do, I realize, if DIL is still in bed. Perhaps you can work out something with her where you leave a note if you take GD out or agree on a time on Saturdays when you can take GD out on her bike (and how far she can ride, etc.) - or something like that. (Be sure that you don't sound critical of DIL.) If she says no, however, I'm afraid you'll have to accept it.