The searches are not really about the property - that is the survey - certainly that's what happens in England.
They are normally part of the conveyancing.
They look at what's going on locally - any nearby road schemes, contaminations, planning consents or applications by neighbouring properties which may affect your enjoyment/use of the purchase.
If a farmer was about to develop outbuildings into a wedding venue, abattoir (or whatever) it may affect my idea of how much I wanted to live there for example.
Another search is about drainage/ water. This finds out where all the drains are and can show if these are at risk of affecting the property in the future.
4. Environmental search: These look at issues such as flood risk, subsidence risk, and previous uses of land and cover you for environmental issues within 500 metres of the house.
5. Flood risk search: If the property you want to buy is near water. For example; a river, lake, reservoir or coastline, then this search will reveal how high the risk of flooding is in the area.
6. Coal mining and mining searches: Old tunnels may run beneath a property. This is common if it is in an area that was once used for coal, brine or salt mining. These old tunnels can put a property at risk of subsidence. So it’s really important to know what lies beneath a property before buying.
7. Chancel repair search: Most people don’t even know that certain properties have a liability to the local parish for the church for repairs, so this search will check that out. It usually depends on the historic standing of the property and the parish itself. You can generally buy insurance to cover you for any such future bills.
8. Land registry pre-completion search: This search will reveal if the individual selling the property is the legitimate owner of the property and if any bankruptcy has taken place. It ensures that the property is legally safe to buy.
And a relatively new search is our number 9…
9. High-speed rail (HS2): HS2 is the new high-speed railway of which phase 1 is due to open in less than 8 years. The railway will link London, Birmingham and the northwest with trains travelling up to 225mph. This search will check if the property you’re interested in is affected by the planned and extensive works which will cover 25 destinations and serve over 30 million people.