B9exchange
In my area, we address this by having something called Goals of Care. When a patient enters hospital, the provider is to have a discussion with them regarding Goals of Care, and these can be changed as necessary. There are seven levels:
R (resuscitative care) 1 - everything
R2 - no chest compressions
R3 - no intubation
M (medical care) 1 - DNR, no ICU admission, may be admitted to acute care, may have surgery done, continue to treat active medical conditions
M2 - similar to M1 except surgery for comfort only
C (comfort care) 1 - admit to acute care for symptom control only, surgery for symptom control only, no longer treating active medical conditions, treat for comfort only
C2 - treat symptoms for comfort only, no surgery, no admission to hospital (for patients in last days of life)
This document is placed in a green sleeve, along with other documents in this vein such as power of attorney, personal directive naming a substitute decision maker, etc. When the patient is discharged, all documents in the green sleeve are photocopied, and the originals are given back to the patient. The patient is told to keep the green sleeve on their fridge. Should they have an emergency and need to call EMS, EMS knows to look on the fridge for the green sleeve and they'll honour the Goals of Care decision. (EMS now has treat in place protocols for situations such as palliative emergencies.)