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What is Populism

(460 Posts)
whitewave Fri 06-Jan-17 17:31:47

About 2 years ago on here we mentioned the worrying rise of the populist right, and have gradually seen evidence of this with it culminating in the Trump election.

So I have been trying to get to grips and doing some reading to try to establish what exactly a populist party looks like and it's fundamental philosophies.

We know of populist party leaders:- Trump, Le Pen, Hoffer, Wilders and Farage amongst others.

Whilst they each represent a slightly different version, I think we can identify 3 main characteristics

Anti-establishment
Authoritarian
Nationalist.

Anti establishment because
It is a philosophy that emphasises faith in the wisdom and virtue of ordinary people as opposed to the "corrupt" establishment. There is a deep cynicism and resentment against the existing authorities

So you have

People -good
Elites - bad

Authoritarian because
It's leanings feature the personal power of one leader who is thought to reflect the will of the people

Nationalist/ xenophobic nationalism because
It tends to assume that people are a uniform whole, and favours mono-culturalism over multi-culturalism
Favours national self interest over international cooperation and development aid
Favours closed borders over the free flow of people and ideas, as well as capital, goods and labour
Finally favours Traditionalism over progressive liberal values.

So we have witnessed the rhetoric which seeks to stir up a potent mix of racial resentment, intolerance of multiculturalism, nationalist isolationism, misogyny and sexism. There is strong-man leadership and attack dog politics.

Populism therefore can be described as xenophobic authoritarianism.

daphnedill Mon 09-Jan-17 12:19:44

In what sense is Trump not a demagogue?

Ankers Mon 09-Jan-17 12:23:41

Apologies!
I thought I knew what demagogue meant, but when I looked it up, I found I didn't.
I thought demagogue meant something like someone pretending to be 1/2 God!

Elegran Mon 09-Jan-17 12:23:42

A map of the world with Trump's business interests marked.
edition.cnn.com/2016/11/28/politics/trump-foreign-businesses/

Ankers Mon 09-Jan-17 12:24:11

I will post later.

Elegran Mon 09-Jan-17 12:26:25

Part of my post vanished. Should have read "Countries with which he will be doing trade deals and influencing their internal policies to suit his profit margins"

MaizieD Mon 09-Jan-17 13:13:13

I thought demagogue meant something like someone pretending to be 1/2 God!

grin grin grin

That really made me laugh! I was so puzzled by your thinking that Trump is not a demagogue!!

And admire you for admitting your mistake flowers

MaizieD Mon 09-Jan-17 13:15:11

This is such an interesting discussion. I'd love to contribute but I've had someone here all morning and now am off to the hairdressers.

DaphneBroon Mon 09-Jan-17 13:20:03

A demigod is not a demagogue!! And indeed vice versa.
gringrin

whitewave Mon 09-Jan-17 13:31:28

* maizie* have a good hair do!! Good to talk - speak later.

ankers brilliant!!!!!!!

Rinouchka Mon 09-Jan-17 13:33:45

Ana, I don't think people have lost interest, but as i return from time to time (when the other life allows), I get the impression that the thread is going round in circles.

Whilst opinions are strongly held and often supported by facts, it becomes clear to the occasional posters, if not the very active ones, that civilised accord ( I don't use "agreement" as a concept) will never be reached. We interpret events, both past and current, by our political persuasion, although occasionally, we see the slant the other shows us. However, debate can become tedious if there is no time limit!

Regarding populism vs democracy, many papers have been recently written examining this( available online) and they all, in their conclusions, return to the idea that populism in itself does no harm to democracy if representation is full and if there is no erosion of democratic principles by prejudice, intolerance and self-righteousness. Of course, democracy dies if the leader's powers reach the level of demoguery and, ultimately, dictatorship. The leader's power was mentioned quite early on in the discussion.

Demoguery was at the beginning of this discussion, and it returns at the end.

whitewave Mon 09-Jan-17 13:45:37

rinouchka that may be the case, but don't you think that is the way debate progresses. Consider how much further we are before the discussion began? There is so much we have mulled over and established. It may be that that is enough to be going on with, or we may choose to pursue the subject further. It is in our hands. As long as there is sufficient people talking to each other I can't see the problem.

I am sorry that if you have read papers available you haven't chosen to share the information

daphnedill Mon 09-Jan-17 13:54:54

I'd be interested in anything you've found online too, Rinouchka. The relationship between people and power is something which happens to fascinate me (can't help being a bit geeky).

Somebody started a thread entitled 'Democracy - What is it?' (or something like that) a few months ago, but it went down like a lead balloon. The concept is often bandied around, but I'm not convinced that people always think about what it implies. They want simplistic catchphrases to describe complex phenomena.

whitewave Mon 09-Jan-17 14:02:28

I also enjoy these sort of threads so much more than those which degenerate into name calling -now those really do go into circles and become tedious. I always recommend keeping it above the personnel level. I can point you to other threads that have done just that - utterly pointless exercise

GracesGranMK2 Mon 09-Jan-17 18:28:47

I have loved this thread whitewave and thank you for it. Life does sometimes get in the way of the things you want to do unfortunately but this has been mind expanding. I do have to dash off occasionally and today my daughter came over for what she calls 'mummy masters'. I have no idea if it is mainly to keep my brain ticking over or if my inane questions, when she shares what she is learning (definitely not my subject confused), help her to write better but my children - including my DIL who I probably tortured by conversation into doing her degree - have always kindly shared what they are learning or understand because they know I love to get a little more insight into their subjects ... and now we have this thread. Sadly much will be expected for the next debate WW - be preparedgrin

whitewave Mon 09-Jan-17 18:34:38

It isn't just me though gg everyone interested has stuck their oar in -good isn't it??

Rinouchka Mon 09-Jan-17 20:03:57

It was not my intention to criticise the thread ( indeed It has stimulated and informed me, so thank you wholeheartedly Whitewave and Daphnedill')but rather to respond to Ana's suggestion that some posters may have lost interest in the thread by suggesting why that might be the case, imho.

I am relatively new to GN, but it seems to me that a very long thread, for some of us who may not have the free time to read through pages of comments, can become repetitive because of the very fact that past comments are repeated by others, rather than taking on the "move forward" format of argument/counterargument. This not the case in a live discussion or debate, but lengthy threads can fall victim to it. So, continuity on a thread can be lost, except by those who are able to post constantly and hence keep abreast.

Amongst the research papers I skimmed through this morning relating to the *populism vs democracy debate, here are but a couple available on the net. I did not have time earlier to give them, and I apologise. There are more than those quoted below:

The Impact of Populism on Liberal Democracy
Brigham Young University( Nathaniel Alred)
https//populism.byu.edu

A Populist Paradox : Populist policies may harm voters but reward leaders*-- Kellog Insight- Northwestern University
https//insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu

The one I found excellent is the following

Populism-a threat or a challenge for the democratic system?
politicalscience.ku.dk

Rinouchka Mon 09-Jan-17 20:04:41

Not a couple, but 3, amongst others!

whitewave Mon 09-Jan-17 20:07:25

Thanks rinouchka I will have a look in the morning. Brain dead this time of day.

durhamjen Mon 09-Jan-17 21:16:12

Do you think that when people voted Trump the demagogue into power, they expected to get the whole family as well, considering they were supposedly voting against dynastic rule?

daphnedill Mon 09-Jan-17 21:50:11

Thank you, Rinouchka.

Mair Mon 09-Jan-17 21:56:25

Obviously Trump's rise has been the result of an organised political machine and financing.

Like every presedential candidate.

However, I don't think the people who voted for him are organised in knowing what they really want. They are objecting to things they don't want

Just like all the black Americans who turned out to vote for Obama then. They both promise 'change'.

daphnedill Mon 09-Jan-17 21:57:24

I have no idea, dj.

You've probably already seen Meryl Streep's speech, but read the comments under this YouTube video.

Firstly, I don't really understand what kind of people spend their lives posting such really hateful comments. Do they really have nothing better to do?

Secondly, it appears there are many people with the same kind of mindset as Trump - or a few people with multiple IDs.

durhamjen Mon 09-Jan-17 22:32:06

Hadn't seen the speech but just looked, daphne. Brilliant speech. I liked Hugh Laurie's speech, too, last ever Golden Globes because they have the words press, foreign and Hollywood on them, and even Association is suspect in some quarters.
Do you think they gave him it because he played a psychopathic billionaire?
I read a few of those comments, but I rarely read comments on Youtube. It's a bit like the comments in the MSM. I suppose some people can't write intelligent comments; they'd never start a thread anywhere.
Populism has got a lot to answer for.

Ankers Tue 10-Jan-17 08:19:41

^Obviously Trump's rise has been the result of an organised political machine and financing.

Like every presedential candidate^

I was going to comment on that too.

But unlike normal in the USA, Trump used mainly his own money apparently.

The thing that does bother me though is, is he beholden at all or somewhat, to the chinese, the russians etc as regards his debts that are used to finance his empire?

Ankers Tue 10-Jan-17 08:21:23

However, I don't think the people who voted for him are organised in knowing what they really want. They are objecting to things they don't want

Oh, they know what they want all right. It isnt just change.