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What is Populism

(460 Posts)
whitewave Fri 06-Jan-17 17:31:47

About 2 years ago on here we mentioned the worrying rise of the populist right, and have gradually seen evidence of this with it culminating in the Trump election.

So I have been trying to get to grips and doing some reading to try to establish what exactly a populist party looks like and it's fundamental philosophies.

We know of populist party leaders:- Trump, Le Pen, Hoffer, Wilders and Farage amongst others.

Whilst they each represent a slightly different version, I think we can identify 3 main characteristics

Anti-establishment
Authoritarian
Nationalist.

Anti establishment because
It is a philosophy that emphasises faith in the wisdom and virtue of ordinary people as opposed to the "corrupt" establishment. There is a deep cynicism and resentment against the existing authorities

So you have

People -good
Elites - bad

Authoritarian because
It's leanings feature the personal power of one leader who is thought to reflect the will of the people

Nationalist/ xenophobic nationalism because
It tends to assume that people are a uniform whole, and favours mono-culturalism over multi-culturalism
Favours national self interest over international cooperation and development aid
Favours closed borders over the free flow of people and ideas, as well as capital, goods and labour
Finally favours Traditionalism over progressive liberal values.

So we have witnessed the rhetoric which seeks to stir up a potent mix of racial resentment, intolerance of multiculturalism, nationalist isolationism, misogyny and sexism. There is strong-man leadership and attack dog politics.

Populism therefore can be described as xenophobic authoritarianism.

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 14:18:10

Now your turn to answer properly.

Elegran Wed 18-Jan-17 14:26:57

The historical lynch mobs of the US generally consisted of white settlers/farmers hunting down and beating up or hanging someone (often black) who was rumoured to have committed some crime - (sleeping with a white woman was particularly abhorred). They didn't wait for a trial, they wanted instant retribution on someone against whom unexamined feelings of anger had been stirred up.

Populism can be used by simplistic activists to stir up feelings of resentment against a section of the population as a scapegoat for the troubles of another section. When that happens, the result is lynch mob mentality - mindless retaliation without any evidence or proof of the "crime". Krystalnacht, for instance? That is where it leads, if we are not alert to the dangers.

daphnedill Wed 18-Jan-17 14:35:30

Very eloquent. Thank you, Elegran. You've saved me a job.

whitewave Wed 18-Jan-17 14:41:20

smile

MaizieD Wed 18-Jan-17 14:57:56

I googled the same as you, Ankers.

The results were mostly about lynch mobs, or lynch mobs marching. Nothing about marching that 'turned into' lynch mobs. And the common theme of the motivation for lynch mobs was populist, racism. So I don't think that answers me at all.

But it does kind of answer your question, which populism do you know of that turned into lynch mobs?, in that racism, a very populist trait, seems to have been the prime mover.

POGS Wed 18-Jan-17 15:14:43

daphnedill Tue 17-Jan-17 19:25:09

"It seems we are living with the mentality of the lynch mobs, which is what populism is."

In that case why are Nicola Sturgeon and Corbyn classed as Populist Politicians?.

I keep coming back to trying to define who , what, where the words populist/populism are used. Most of the posts I consider repeatedly make it out to be a right wing issue only if I have followed this thread correctly.

I am not saying it is not an issue for far right /Nationalist parties, far from it but I find the 'collective' will to dismiss any reference to anybody, any group from the left of politics is somewhat disingenuous.

This comes about because of the perception by the individual as to what they consider populist/populism but it appears to me that , as I said earlier, the definitive answer is wider than simply harking on about the populist/populism of far right groups and seeing xenophobia/racism as the definitive answer.

daphnedill Wed 18-Jan-17 15:26:52

Most examples of South American populism are left-wing. It isn't necessarily right-wing, but most successful European populists have been.

Sorry, am going out, so can't write any more.

daphnedill Wed 18-Jan-17 15:28:29

PS. I don't see xenophobia as a definitve answer, but it is usually a characteristic of populism, which tends to be tribal and jingoistic.

Out now!

varian Wed 18-Jan-17 15:35:19

I would class Nicola Sturgeon as a populist. She has stirred feelings of grievance and found scapegoats. In her case it usually "Westminster" however many of her more fanatical supporters direct their attacks to the English, or people they call " Britnats" who voted NO in the 2014 referendum because they want to remain in the UK, Nationalism is a distortion of patriotism. This strategy has proced to be electorally successful, mainly because of the collapse of the Scottish Labour party coinciding with a drop in LibDem support because of the coalition. The SNP is also authoritarian. Some of their centralising control freakery causes serious concern.

I would not call Jeremy Corbyn a populist. He is very popular with a narrow group of left wingers, but unlikely ever to gain the level of support he would need to win an election.

POGS Wed 18-Jan-17 15:49:15

www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/25/jeremy-corbyn-populist-democracy-m

labourlist.org/2017/01/from-nowhere-to-everywhere-corbyn-opts-for-populism-but-isnt-tempted-by-trump/

If the Guardian et al can refer to him using the terms populist/populism then I think it is OK to bow to their judgement.

whitewave Wed 18-Jan-17 16:11:08

I really can't understand this obsession with left/right in relation to this concept. As a concept it is totally neutral with regard to left/right politics. We have established some characteristics that can be seen in populist politics whether right or left - full stop. They may be right or left it is immaterial to the concept.

The term populism is being used to describe a particular phenomenon and has been brought to public awareness recently, particularly with Trumps election and what is happening in Europe. That is why I wanted to explore the concept. That is all no other agenda - zilch no need for any paranoia

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:27:38

POGS. I think you are right.
If you look back to the op, in whitewave's very first sentence, she herself is only concerning herself with the populist right.

Elegran Wed 18-Jan-17 16:28:35

Left/right is completely irrelevant to populism. That is typified by lazy cartoon-shorthand depictions of scapegoat groups by Hyde-Park-corner type orators from either end of the political divide and all levels of political activism.

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:28:50

Which rather makes a mockery of the first paragraph in her most recent post.

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:31:16

x post
My last post carries on from my post before.

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:31:55

Left/right is completely irrelevant to populism

Agreed.

Elegran Wed 18-Jan-17 16:34:44

WW mentions the worrying rise in rightist populism, but there has also been leftist populism for years. Many voters to the left of centre have been working-class and vulnerable to having their less affluent position exploited by exponents of the "blame the bloated plutocrat mill-owners for everything bad" school of politics.

whitewave Wed 18-Jan-17 16:34:59

So ankers did you read my last post?

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:37:33

Yes, so why write your op in the way that you did?

Unless you have changed your mind a lot since Fri 6 Jan? In which case, great.

Elegran Wed 18-Jan-17 16:37:45

By which I mean that by mentioning one aspect by name I don't notice that she confines her definition only to that aspect and not others.

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:41:08

By the way, asking me a question after I have asked you or someone else, instead of attempting to answer the one I asked, does not work as a concept. At all.
If someone doesnt want to answer, fine, no problem. But trying to not answer, by ask! smile

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:42:33

by asking me one instead, does not work on any level We can see!smile

Ankers Wed 18-Jan-17 16:44:53

By which I mean that by mentioning one aspect by name I don't notice that she confines her definition only to that aspect and not others.

Then why say it?
Why do it?

No, that doesnt wash.

Not that you can answer on her behalf. You dont know what she was thinking at the time.

But I appreciate your answer.

Elegran Wed 18-Jan-17 16:47:26

But then you do like to have every I dotted and every T crossed, Ankers.

MaizieD Wed 18-Jan-17 16:49:42

If you look back to the op, in whitewave's very first sentence, she herself is only concerning herself with the populist right.

The first sentence in ww's post refers back to a thread about the rise of the populist right. This has led her to look at the issue of populism generally. The thread she referred to could just as easily been about the rise of the populist left. It is populism she was exploring, not its political manifestation on 'the right'. It's not an attack on 'left' or 'right', just an abstract discussion of the phenomenon. Why are you finding this so difficult to understand, Ankers?