Towards the end of the BBC news on Friday evening, a small item appeared long after the coverage of the Middle East had ended. It told of Mohamed Mogouchkov, an immigrant in France, who had stabbed a teacher to death and seriously wounded two other staff at a school in Arras, in the north of the country. As he wielded the blade, he is reported to have cried out: “Allahu Akbar” — God is great.
Those were the words used three years ago by an 18-year-old Muslim refugee who decapitated Samuel Paty, another teacher, in Éragny-sur-Oise, a suburb of Paris. The same words were used on the streets of Woolwich by the murderers of Lee Rigby, a fusilier with an impeccable service record and two-year-old son. The words were used by Isis as they maimed, raped and mutilated victims, often videoing their atrocities so they could showcase their handiwork to a horrified world.
And these were (I imagine) the words used by Hamas terrorists (yes, let us use the term) during their atrocities in Israel last weekend, in which women were violated, babies mutilated and hostages taken into Gaza, including a Holocaust survivor, traumatised children and a 17-year-old girl who suffers from muscular dystrophy.
One of the missing pieces in the analysis of events has been what Christopher Hitchens called the “virus” of fundamentalism, the way religious conviction is often the most potent weapon of barbarity. How could Hamas operatives have behaved in the way they did? Why did they inflict such gratuitous damage? In his novel The Prague Cemetery, Umberto Eco put it with precision: “People are never so completely and enthusiastically evil as when they act out of religious conviction.”
Fundamentalists lack that most civilising of human virtues: doubt. They have absolute truth, the certified word of God, so they are not merely justified in slaughtering infidels; they would be failing in their duty if they did not do so. If Hamas had the chance to kill more Jews, all Jews, they would seize it. Isn’t this the story of religious fanaticism throughout the ages, and not just the Islamic kind? Catholics burning Protestants in 16th century England cried out: “Oh, this is for the greater glory of God!”
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For some reason westerners struggle with these truths. When al-Qaeda visited carnage upon the World Trade Center, academic sociologists tied themselves in knots to deny the hijackers were motivated by religion. They said that these men were alienated, or were undereducated, or hadn’t had much sex, or were reacting against western suppression. When it turned out that many terrorists had university degrees and plenty of sex, and had benefited from western societies, new surrogate motives were found. Anything, in fact, to avoid taking these men at their word, many of whom made videos explicitly stating that they were murdering to “bring glory to Allah”.
The same dubious dance has taken place over recent days, people rushing to signal their support for the Palestinian cause in Gaza hours after the military wing of their leadership visited unspeakable atrocities. The problem was that these people were hemmed in or didn’t have enough land. Even those of us who worry deeply about Israeli excesses should be able to see that this rests on a category error. Do we think that Isis would have been tamed if it had been offered a neatly carved out territory in the Levant? Or do we think — as Isis explicitly boasted — that it would have used any advantage, territorial or otherwise, to escalate bloody jihad?
To reiterate, I have severe doubts about the Israeli response, but I think it is worth pondering the point often made that the retribution visited on Gaza (the full ground assault may be under way as you read these words) will kill innocent people, particularly children. Indeed, many have already died in this pitiless war. As one Times reader, by no means an antisemite, put it on Friday morning: “Hamas is not the Palestinian people.”
That is true, but it illuminates another little-analysed aspect of this unfolding tragedy. According to Jennifer Jefferis, a Middle East expert at Georgetown University who spoke to the BBC last week, Hamas consistently polls over 50 per cent (more than any other party) across Gaza and the West Bank. Apologists claim this is Israel’s fault: that Palestinians are driven into the hands of Hamas by the actions of the Jewish state, just as Isis apologists said that its atrocities were incited by the “Great Satan” of America. There is, I suppose, a particular kind of liberal who can’t see an evil in the world without detecting western civilisation or a Jewish conspiracy as the root cause.