I respect your choice to stay, but would point out that this is not a good way for your daughter to learn about relationships.
My husband is not at all like this, luckily, but I do have experience of being around someone who sounds depressingly similar, and I agree with Granmarderby that he won't change - it sounds like a personality disorder (and no, I'm not a psychologist, before anyone asks - it's purely a lay person's opinion?).
Regarding tactics - have you tried pretending you haven't noticed that he is being silent, and behaving as normally as possible? Or smiling at the put-downs, and replying on the lines of 'Oh, is that what you think? I think it suits me.' or whatever, then rinse and repeat. Difficult, I know, but if you are already seeing yourself as no longer part of a couple, you might persuade yourself that his opinion is not your concern.
As you have your own income, I would definitely advise you to squirrel away some funds of your own, so that if you change your mind and decide to leave you have a deposit and at least a couple of month's rent to tide you over until the joint finances are sorted out.
Good luck, and whatever you do, don't let his put-downs dent your confidence. Maybe keep a diary, if you can do so without his finding it, and record what he says and what led up to it. That way, you can look back on it if you get upset, and remind yourself that the last time he said X, it followed a similar circumstance - not so that you can tiptoe around him better, but so that you can see that he is being unreasonable, not that you are whatever he says you are.