annep, this is a really important question and it’s the one that everyone asks (including me – it was a big problem to me when I started looking into Christianity in my 20s).
There’s so much I could say about it, but unfortunately not enough time! I will just say a few things.
1.
The Bible makes it clear that suffering is not generally punishment. I don’t believe that at all. One reason that suffering came into the world at the Fall (when humans rebelled against God) is that they started using the free will that God had given them, so that they could freely turn to him and have a loving relationship with him, to do evil. Most of the suffering in the world is caused by human beings doing wrong things. Another part is caused by illness and by natural disasters such as earthquakes. Christian belief is that these began when the relationship between God and humans was broken, as a consequence rather than a punishment. It does say in the Bible that
“the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time”
(Romans 8:22 NIVUK
bible.com/113/rom.8.22.nivuk)
but that there will be a new heaven and a new earth (Revelation 21:1), where for those who belong to God,
“He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain”
(Revelation 21:4 NIVUK
http://bible.com/113/rev.21.4.nivuk)
2.
If this life is not all there is, things look different. God has all of eternity to make it up to people who have suffered unjustly in this life. He will also judge perfectly, and nobody will get away with wrongdoing - there will be justice (and for those who trust in him, mercy).
3.
Humans tend to feel that God must want us to be happy. But William Lane Craig (a top Christian thinker) suggests that God’s purpose in creating the universe was not just to provide a comfortable home for his human pets. He suggests that God’s priorities may be that each person will come into relationship with him and will become more like Jesus. He may know that suffering is worth permitting as part of creating a world where the maximum number of people will do those things. It may be that he wants us to be happy in this life, but it’s not the most important thing.
4.
As Tim Keller says, the fact that we can’t see God’s reasons for permitting suffering doesn’t mean that there aren’t any.
I hope these two short videos from William Lane Craig on the subject may be helpful.
youtu.be/k64YJYBUFLM (4 minutes)
youtu.be/cxj8ag8Ntd4 (8 minutes)
I also think John Lennox makes some good points in this brief interview.
youtu.be/tmP5WfEiOe0
(7 minutes)
Please feel free to pm me if you wish.