OakDryad
This is an interesting exercise:
For each of the example sentences below, you have to decide whether to fill the blank with ‘woman/women’ or ‘lady/ladies’.
1. She was a perfect ——— about it.
2. The church flowers were arranged by the ——— of the congregation.
3. Esther thought of her grandmother as a strong and capable ———.
4. Some ——— reported that they experienced multiple orgasms.
5. In Victorian times, it was common for ———to die in childbirth.
6. A ———was raped in the city centre last night.
If you found yourself making an an intuitive preference can you explain why?
I used woman or women in all of your sentences, except the first.
Not that I would have used that particular sentence myself. I would instinctively say, " She was very nice about it."
To me "lady" implies either that it is used to convey that the women concerned adhere to a higher standard of good manners, or is due to an outdated sense of class.
Neither case applies in the other sentences, as whether or not a person died in childbed in Victorian times, or in Africa today has nothing to do with social status.
I admit a child might regard her grandmother as a strong and capable lady, but to me, as an adult, woman is preferable there too.